Definition of Doping in Sport

Doping is the use of prohibited substances and/or methods to improve sporting performance, as well as any form of violation of anti-doping rules (UU Keolahragaan, 2022:5). WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) defines doping as the occurrence of one or more violations of the anti-doping rules as set forth in Code Article 2.1 through Article 2.11 (WADA, 2021a: 15). Doping is something that sports participants (athletes, coaches, parents of athletes, and other related parties) need to know, like the rules of a game or match. Just like the rules of a game or match, anti-doping rules are attached to a rule.

Why is doping prohibited?

The prohibition of the use of doping in sports arises because of the effects of doping that are detrimental to the health of its users and for ethical reasons that are contrary to the spirit of sport and violations of human rights. Facts that prove that the effects of doping use can be detrimental to health include, according to Kouidi et al, (2021) that the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (S1) causes early left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and reduced BRS (baroreflex sensitivity). Long-term use of anabolic androgenic steroids in athletes reduces BRS and short-term HRV (heart rate variability). Then the opinion of La Gerche A in Adami et al, (2022), the use of ergogenic supplements with the aim of promoting physiological adaptations beyond normal during extreme training will trigger a stress response induced by the release of high levels of catecholamines that trigger cardiovascular responses that can cause cardiovascular disorders such as atrial fibrillation or even more dangerous arrhythmias.